Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become less dense, lose strength and are more likely to break. The bone mass is low and the structure of the bone is poor.

To use a more precise terminology, osteoporosis is a reduction in the amount of bone tissue per unit volume of anatomical bone.

The word osteoporosis is derived from the Greek osteo, meaning bones, and porosis, meaning with holes.

Osteoporosis is categorized as either primary or secondary, depending in the origin of the disease in the individual.

Primary osteoporosis, is characterized by a marked acceleration of bone mass lose, while osteoporosis is a consequential condition resulting from another disease process and/or its treatment.

Osteoporosis happens mainly to women at midlife and later, but also can happen to men and children.

Bone is a dynamic living organ that is constantly changing. The complications of osteoporosis relate to the fractures that result from the condition and therefore depend on which bone breaks.

The tree most common fractures associated with osteoporosis are the wrist, the hip (neck of femur) and vertebrae.

A major cause of osteoporosis is less than optimal bone growth during childhood and adolescence, resulting in failure to reach optimal peak bone mass.

Other causes of osteoporosis are bone loss due to a greater than expected rate of bone resorption a decreased rate of bone formation or both, resulting in less dense bone.

Nutritional factors include dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D.
Osteoporosis

Paget’s disease of bone

Paget’s disease of bone also called Osteitis Deforms. The disease named after nineteenth century British surgeon, Sir James Paget. It was first described in 1876.

Paget’s disease of bone is a localized or multifocal disorder of bone characterized by abnormal bone turnover with increased osteoplastic bone resorption and compensatory increased osteoblastic activity.

Over time, the body compensates by creating excess periosteum over the affected bones, creating a deformed bony appearance upon x-ray.

This structural change produces bone that is expanded in seize, less compact, more vascular and more susceptible to deformity or fracture than is normal bone.

Paget’s disease is the second-most common bone disorder after osteoporosis in people age 50 and older. 

The disease is frequent in Europe, with the exception of the Scandinavian countries, and is frequent in regions inhabited by European immigrants such as North America and Australia.

It is believed that most patients are symptomatic, but a substantial minority may experience a variety of symptoms, including bone pain, secondary arthritic problems, bone deformity, excessive warmth over bone from hypervascularity, fracture and a variety of neurological complications caused in most instances by compression of neutral tissues adjacent to pagetic bone.
Paget’s disease of bone