Mesothelioma cancer

Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that starts from mesothelial cells that covers the outer surface of some of the body's organs. Mesothelial cells form a monolayer of specialized pavement-like cells that line the body's serous cavities and internal organs. Mesothelioma's usually linked to asbestos exposure.

Some mesotheliomas form a mass (tumour), while others grow along the mesothelium and form a thick covering. It arises in the mesothelial surfaces of tissues in the lining of the lungs (pleural mesothelioma), although it can also affect the lining of the tummy (peritoneal mesothelioma), heart or testicles.

Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos, a group of minerals that occur naturally as bundles of tiny fibers.

The majority of asbestos fibers are either amphibole (sharp, rod-like) or serpentine. The serpentine fibers make up 90% of the type seen in the US and are considered less carcinogenic than the amphibole type. These fibers are typically found in brake linings, ship building, cement, and ceiling and pool tiles.

These tiny fibers can easily get in the lungs. Fibers that stay in the lungs can travel to the ends of the small airways and enter the pleural lining of the lung and chest wall. These fibers can then injure the cells of the pleura, and, over time, cause mesothelioma.

Mesotheliomas related to asbestos exposure take a long time to develop. The time between the first asbestos exposure and diagnosis of mesothelioma is usually between 20 and 50 years.

Many of the early symptoms of mesothelioma are the same as those likely to be caused by other problems, so at first people may ignore them or mistake them for common, minor ailments. Most people with mesothelioma have symptoms for at least a few months before they are diagnosed.

Mesothelioma affects mainly older men aged 60–70 years. The prominent symptoms that could last from months to 1–2 years before diagnosis are chest pain and shortness of breath, affecting more than half the patients, while constitutional symptoms (fever, weight loss and fatigue) are less commonly observed.
Mesothelioma cancer

Drinking tea associated with low risk of skin cancer

Skin cancer is the most common malignancy in the United States, and the number of cases annually surpasses all other malignancies combined.

Skin cancer can be classified as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma, according to histological characteristics. The effect of tea polyphenols on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in melanoma cell lines has been reported. One cup of green tea contains up to 200 mg of EGCG, which has been shown to have chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic effects against several types of cancers.

Both green and black teas contain abundant amounts of polyphenolic antioxidants and it has been shown that theaflavins in black tea and catechins in green tea are equally effective antioxidants.

Study published in Cancer Biology & Therapy concluded that black tea is a better chemopreventive agent than green tea against skin tumorigenesis. (Cancer Biol Ther 2009; 8:1281-7)

Research published in European Journal of Cancer shows data from 767 non-Hispanic Whites under age 40 was evaluated to understand the effects of tea, coffee, and caffeine on the early-onset of basal cell carcinoma. Inverse relationship was found to be associated with combined regular consumption of caffeinated coffee plus hot tea with early-onset of basal cell carcinoma. There was 43% reduced risk of basal cell carcinoma in people consuming the highest category of caffeine from these sources as compared with non-consumers. (Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 2014, 23, 296–302)

Polyphenols are the major active compounds present in teas. The catechins are the major polyphenolic compounds in green tea, which include epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin, epicatechin-3-gallate and epicatechin, gallocatechins and gallocatechin gallate. EGCG is the predominant and most studied catechin in green tea.
Drinking tea associated with low risk of skin cancer

What is carcinoma?

Carcinoma, a malignant and invasive epithelial tumor is a type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs, such as the liver or kidneys. It is also can be defined as a malignant tumor of connective tissue.

Carcinomas may affect the breast, lung, prostate, and colon and are among the most common types of cancer in adults.

Breast cancer is a carcinoma that develops from the cells of the breast and can spread to adjacent lymph nodes and other body sites.

Carcinomas can occur in many parts of the body, and common types of carcinoma are:
*Basal cell carcinoma
*Squamous cell carcinoma
*Renal cell carcinoma
*Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
*Invasive ductal carcinoma
*Adenocarcinoma
What is carcinoma?

Burkitt’s lymphoma

The first description of Burkitt lymphoma was probably that of Albert Cook, the first missionary doctor in Uganda.

Burkitt’s lymphoma is the third type of germinal center cell-derived lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma was initially defined by its morphological features; however, morphology is altered by the effects of fixation and interobserver agreement can be poor.

The development of this disease is linked to exposure to a specific virus and is some instances to a heritable or familial predisposition that itself is associated with a relatively constant chromosome abnormality.

Burkitt’s lymphoma is a rare, aggressive form of NHL (Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) and is thought to be most rapidly growing cancer known.

One of the factors that appear to contribute to the development of Burkitt’s lymphoma, at least in its endemic form is infection with EBV.

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is a virus of the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans.

There are three forms of the disease:
*An endemic form found in Africa
*A more sporadic form seen in North America and Europe
*A form that is associated with immunodeficiency
Burkitt’s lymphoma